What is mold?Molds (and mildew) are forms of fungi that are found everywhere – inside and outside. Fungi are necessary for recycling organic material, which is required to sustain plant and animal life. There are more than 100,000 types of mold. These species can be any color, including white, orange, green, brown or black. The most common indoor molds are Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria. Fewer than 200 species of molds have been classified as human pathogens that can cause infections.
How does mold get inside my house?Many molds grow naturally in the indoor environment. Mold spores may enter your house through open doorways, windows, or HVAC systems. Spores may attach themselves to family members, pets, clothing, shoes, or bags and be brought indoors.
How does mold grow?Mold reproduces by releasing tiny spores. These spores settle on surrounding surfaces, and begin to grow in favorable conditions. Growth requires three things: moisture, an organic food source (examples include carpet, sheetrock, wallpaper, paint, upholstery, wood, leather, or even dust) and a suitable temperature between 40-100 degrees Fahrenheit. It is important to note that mold does not need light to grow. When one of the three conditions becomes unsatisfactory, the mold becomes dormant. It can resume activity when the conditions are restored to favorable.
What is the “killer mold” or “black mold” I have heard about?Sensationalized media reports refer to a specific type of mold called Stachybotrys that has been nicknamed the “killer mold” or “black mold”. It is less common than other mold species. There are only a few molds that are truly black, although many can appear black. Not all mold that appears to be black is Stachybotrys. This specific type of mold grows on cellulose materials, such as paper, cardboard, sheetrock, or framing. It requires a very high, constant moisture level to grow, which usually occurs after something has been wet for several weeks. Stachybotrys can release potentially toxic substances called mycotoxins, which cling to the mold spores. The health effects of these toxins are unproven and are currently being studied.
How do I know if I have mold?
In many cases, visible mold growth will allow you to confirm the presence of mold in your home. Mold may also be hidden on the backside of sheetrock or wallpaper, the underside of carpet and padding, inside ductwork, or around pipes. Musty, moldy odors may also be an indication of hidden mold. Investigating hidden mold usually requires disturbing the mold growth site. This can lead to a massive release of mold spores, so you should consider hiring a professional if you suspect you might have hidden mold.
How do I get rid of mold?
Beware of companies who claim they can totally eliminate mold from your home. More than 1,000 different kinds of indoor molds have been found in US homes, and it is impossible to get rid of all the mold in your home. The concern is around the growth of mold spores, and they will not be able to grow and create problems unless moisture is present. The key to controlling indoor mold growth is to control moisture.
What are some examples of ways I can control moisture?
Act quickly to correct water leaks or spills. In most cases, it takes 24-48 hours before mold begins to grow.
Vent your clothes dryer to the outside.
Use exhaust fans when showering, cooking, running the dishwasher, etc.
Increase air movement with fans.
Use air conditioners during humid weather.
Install proper exterior wall insulation.
Make sure the ground slopes away from the foundation of your house.
Clean and repair your roof gutters regularly.
Keep air conditioning drip pans clean and drain lines unobstructed.
Does mold make you sick?
Molds do have the potential to cause health problems, although most people have no reaction to molds. Molds can produce allergens, irritants, and in some cases potentially toxic substances called mycotoxins. Allergic reactions to mold are most common. Common symptoms may include sneezing, runny nose, wheezing, red eyes, or mild skin irritation. Like other types of allergies, different people will react differently to the same mold exposure. Certain groups of people who may be bothered more include infants or small children, elderly people, pregnant women, individuals with respiratory conditions or allergies and asthma, and people with weakened immune systems. Since the health effects of mold remain largely unproven, steps should be taken to remove mold and control any sources of moisture.
Air Matters has performed mold inspection and testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelor of Science and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. Contact Air Matters at (919) 870-6748.
