Mold is Not Cool, But Hope Your A/C Is!

There have been a few days with temperatures in the 80's already this spring. Soon, the NC heat and humidity will settle in for the summer and air conditioners will be working hard to keep up.

The proper sizing, design, installation and maintenance of your HVAC system is essential to help control indoor mold. Problems in any of these areas can cause issues with humidity levels or condensation, both of which are key moisture sources for mold growth in your home.

Your HVAC system and its associated ductwork also provides a vehicle to transport mold spores throughout your home once a problem starts. A little preventative maintenance now will help ensure that your systems operates effectively throughout the summer and does not contribute to indoor mold growth.

Remember that HVAC contractors are busiest during peak summer heat and winter cold periods. Schedule a preventative maintenance check of your cooling system now to ensure you are ready when the temperatures start to rise.

The Energy Star website offers these tips for homeowners to ensure your HVAC contractor is keeping your cooling system operating at peak performance:

1) Clean evaporator and condenser air conditioning coils. Dirty coils reduce the system's ability to cool your home and cause the system to run longer, increasing energy costs and reducing the life of the equipment.

2) Check the central air conditioner's refrigerant level and adjust if necessary. Too much or too little refrigerant will make your system less efficient increasing energy costs and reducing the life of the equipment.

3) Clean and adjust blower components to provide proper system airflow for greater comfort levels. Airflow problems can reduce your system's efficiency by up to 15 percent.

4) Check thermostat settings to ensure the cooling and heating system keeps you comfortable when you are home and saves energy while you are away.

5) Tighten all electrical connections and measure voltage and current on motors. Faulty electrical connections can cause unsafe operation of your system and reduce the life of major components.

6) Lubricate all moving parts. Parts that lack lubrication cause friction in motors and increases the amount of electricity you use.

7) Check and inspect the condensate drain in your central air conditioner, furnace and/or heat pump (when in cooling mode). A plugged drain can cause water damage in the house and affect indoor humidity levels. Air Matters reminds you that this can lead to mold growth.

8) Check controls of the system to ensure proper and safe operation. Check the starting cycle of the equipment to assure the system starts, operates, and shuts off properly.

And don't forget to change your air filters regularly!

Air Matters LLC has performed mold testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee D. Ward, has over 25 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelors and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the Indoor Air Quality Association. You may contact Air Matters at (919) 961-2221 or info@AirMattersMoldTesting.com.

Air Duct Cleaning Bait and Switch Scams

This winter’s weather has been unusually harsh across most of the country – meaning that people are spending more time indoors. That leads many people to evaluate the indoor air quality of their homes and consider services such as air duct cleaning.

Despite the claims of many companies that perform duct cleaning, it has never been proven to have any substantial health benefits. But that doesn’t slow the flood of advertisements that show magnified pictures of dust mites, mold or dirty debris and promise pricing as low as $49.95.

Unfortunately, many air duct cleaning companies use these ads as bait to lure homeowners in, and then switch them to higher priced services that were not clearly explained. The Better Business Bureau states that these “bait and switch” air duct cleaning scams involve dozens of connected companies who have been systematically ripping off homeowners for more than a decade -- to the tune of millions of dollars.

According to NBC’s Dateline: “Over the years, hundreds of homeowners have logged complaints with the BBB, all sounding similar: Once inside a customer's home, technicians routinely mislead them into paying hundreds or thousands of dollars for additional work. Many were told they had dangerous mold. Others had their homes unnecessarily flooded with noxious chemicals. Some said they were afraid of the workmen. All said they were duped into paying hundreds more than the promised $49.99 advertised price.”

That led NBC’s Dateline to conduct an investigation using hidden cameras and senior citizen volunteers. You can check out the video here:

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3032600/vp/41303490#41303490

NBC’s Dateline found that “many of the businesses opened up shop only to disappear within a matter of months, but would then appear again under a different name. Sometimes, it was even hard to determine exactly who owned many of them. The paper trail left behind was limited and sometimes inaccurate. One business was registered using the name of the real owner's dead stepbrother. Another was registered in the name of an owner's bodyguard. Several to convicted felons, one a killer. But our reporting led us to one revealing fact: dozens of the rogue businesses all across the country were run by a rotating list of the same individuals who kept popping up over and over again.”

There are situations where air duct cleaning is necessary or beneficial, and there are many reputable companies that provide fair estimates and do quality work. If you are planning to have the air ducts in your home cleaned, here are some tips from the Environmental Protection Agency on selecting a contractor:

• Do not hire duct cleaners who make sweeping claims about the health benefits of duct cleaning – such claims are unsubstantiated. Do not hire duct cleaners who recommend duct cleaning as a routine part of your heating and cooling system maintenance. You should also be wary of duct cleaners who claim to be certified by the EPA. EPA neither establishes duct cleaning standards, nor certifies, endorses, or approves duct cleaning companies.
• Do not allow the use of chemical biocides or chemical treatments unless you fully understand the pros and the cons of the products being used.
  Check references to be sure other customers were satisfied and did not experience any problems with their heating and cooling systems after cleaning.
• Contact your county or city office of consumer affairs or local Better Business Bureau to determine if complaints have been lodged against any of the companies you are considering.
• Interview potential service providers to ensure that they are experienced in duct cleaning and have worked on systems like yours; they will use procedures to protect you, your pets, and your home from contamination; and they comply with the National Air Duct Cleaning Association's air duct cleaning standards.
• Ask the service provider whether they hold any relevant state licenses. The following states require air duct cleaners to hold special licenses: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Michigan and Texas. Other states may soon require them as well.
• If the service provider charges by the hour, request an estimate of the number of hours or days the job will take, and find out whether there will be interruptions in the work. Make sure the duct cleaner you choose will provide a written agreement outlining the total cost and scope of the job before work begins.
  
  Air Matters LLC has performed mold testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee D. Ward, has over 25 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelors and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the Indoor Air Quality Association. You may contact Air Matters at (919) 961-2221 or info@AirMattersMoldTesting.com.

Carolina Wattbusters Crush Wolfpack Kilowatters

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently announced the winners of its first ever National Building Competition. Participants were challenged to measure their energy use and reduce wasted energy with support from the Energy Star program. Their energy performance was tracked from September 1, 2009 through August 31st, 2010.

From a building over 100 years old in New York City to an elementary school in the mountains of Colorado, a shopping center to a hotel, and many types of buildings in between, these teams from around the country worked hard to slim down their energy use.

Together, the 14 competitors reduced their energy consumption by over 44 million kBtu’s, saved more than $950,000 on their utility bills, and reduced their carbon dioxide emissions an equivalent of the electricity used by 600 homes for a period of one year.

Contestants were judged on the percent reduction achieved in their Energy Use Intensity, or EUI. A building’s EUI is calculated by taking the total energy consumed in one year (measured in kBtu) and dividing it by the total floorspace of the building.

For example, if a 50,000-square-foot school consumed 7,500,000 kBtu of energy last year, its EUI would be 150. A similarly sized school that consumed 9,000,000 kBtu of energy last year would have a higher EUI (180) to reflect its higher energy use. Generally, a low EUI signifies good energy performance.

The winner was a building from right here in the Triangle! Morrison Residence Hall on the campus of UNC-Chapel Hill went from a starting EUI of 213 to a final EUI of 137, a 35.7% reduction. Morrison is a 10 story, 217,522 square foot, 850 occupant residence hall constructed in 1965. It was renovated in 2007 to provide central heating and air conditioning to all rooms and to install solar hot water panels.

Second place went to the Sears in Glen Burnie, MD and the third place finisher was the JC Penney in Orange, CA. Another triangle campus dormitory – Tucker Hall at NC State University – was in the running and finished in 8th place. Tucker dropped their EUI from 172 to 154, a 10.3% reduction.

For more information on the contestants, strategies used to reduce energy consumption, or to apply for the 2011 contest (applications must be received by February 25th, 2011), visit www.energystar.gov/buildingcontest.

Air Matters LLC is just days into starting our 10th year in business – and it has been the busiest first week of January in company history. With the exception of one project, all of our testing this week has been as a result of sudden leaks that occurred in homes while people were away for the holidays.

State Farm Insurance estimates that damage to homes from ruptured pipes affects 250,000 families in the United States each year. Appliance malfunctions, particularly from washing machines and ice makers are other common culprits. What do you need to watch out for to help minimize the risk of coming home to a disaster?

Frozen Pipes

Insufficient or nonexistent insulation is the number one cause of frozen and burst pipes. Pipes, especially those that run along exterior walls, must be properly insulated to avoid freezing. Many older homes lack proper insulation and must be updated, while some homes in the southern United States lack insulation around pipes altogether.

“When pipes freeze, water expands and exerts over 2,000 pounds of force, causing cracks—regardless if the pipe is made of plastic, copper or steel,” says Ray VinZant, a plumber of 42 years and plumbing engineer for Roto-Rooter Group, Inc based in Cincinnati.

Washing Machine Hoses

According to State Farm Insurance, washing machine hose failures cause about $150 million in damage to homes in the United States and Canada each year. To reduce the chances that your hoses will fail, State Farm recommends that you:

• Make sure there are at least four inches (or 11 centimeters) between the water connection and the back of the washing machine. This space will help reduce the chances that the hose will kink.
• Regularly inspect your washing machine hoses. Replace hoses every 3-5 years as part of a proactive maintenance program.
• Keep track of the last time you inspected the hoses by jotting the "inspected" date on the hose or a magnet attached to the washing machine.
• Check that hose connections are secure, including the drain hose.
• Make sure everyone in your household knows where the water shutoff valve is and how to open and close it. Shut off water at valves if you will be away from your home for several days or longer.
• Consider installing or having a professional plumber install a single-handled valve that makes it easier to turn off the water supply to your washing machine.

Ice Maker Lines

Farm Bureau Insurance suggests that you consider the following tips to minimize the risk of your refrigerator or ice maker leaking:

• Proper installation of the icemaker supply line hose is important to avoiding water damage.
• Tightly connect the hose to the valve. Avoid over-tightening.
• Inspect the hose every six months. Ensure the valve connection is secure and check for kinks. If kinks are present, replace the hose.
• Leave a three to four inch space between the back of the refrigerator and the wall to prevent the hose from crimping.
• Locate the water shut-off valve. Inspect the valve every six months to make sure the water supply will shut off.

Sometimes despite your best preventative efforts, leaks sometimes still occur. If you have a water intrusion, shut off the water supply source immediately. Contact a water damage professional to remove standing water and all moist materials to minimize the risk of mold growth.

Celebrities Sue Over Mold Issues

Ed McMahon filed the first memorable celebrity mold lawsuit back in 2002, claiming that faulty work to clean and repair his home after a pipe burst resulted in toxic mold that made him and his wife sick and killed their dog. He asked for $20 million in damages and settled the claim the following year for just over $7 million.

Other celebrities have sued their insurance companies, home inspectors, contractors and tradesmen over the years related to mold issues including Erin Brockavich, Lou Ferrigno, Michael Jordan, and Bianca Jagger. A few months ago, there were rumours that mold contributed to the deaths of Brittany Murphy and Simon Monjack, after they both died weeks apart and were found to have had similar pneumonia type symptoms.

Now, Rachael Ray and her lawyer husband John Cusimano have filed a lawsuit against two home inspection companies for failing to discover that the Southampton home they purchased in 2007 had water damage and mold growth. Rachel has suffered with respiratory problems repeatedly and feels that the mold either caused or at least exacerbated these symptoms, which impacted her effectiveness on camera and in front of her audience. Rachael and her husband have moved into her apartment in New York City until the situation is resolved.

Are home inspectors liable for positively identifying mold?
According to leading trade associations for the home inspection industry, NO!

The International Association of Certified Home Inspectors document "International Standards of Practice for Inspecting Residential Properties", reads as follows:

3. Limitations, Exceptions & Exclusions
3.2. Exclusions:
I. The inspectors are not required to determine:
J. the presence of mold, mildew or fungus.
K. the presence of air-borne hazards.

Likewise, the American Society of Home Inspectors document "Standards of Practice" states:

13.2 General exclusions:
A.Inspectors are not required to determine:
11.the presence of potentially hazardous plants or animals including, but not limited to wood destroying organisms or diseases harmful to humans including molds or mold-like substances.
12.the presence of any environmental hazards including, but not limited to toxins, carcinogens, noise, and contaminants in soil, water, and air.

Although many home inspectors do offer mold investigation and mold testing services, this is an additional area of expertise that requires specific training and often separate liability insurance coverage.

Your best bet when buying a home is to have an independent comprehensive home inspection in conjunction with a mold inspection. These two professionals working together can minimize your potential for buying a home with water damage and mold growth.


Air Matters LLC has performed mold testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee D. Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelors and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. You may contact Air Matters at (919) 961-2221 or info@AirMattersMoldTesting.com.

MiST™ My Ride?

While I was waiting for my new tires to be installed the other day, a brochure on the counter caught my eye. . .

"A tidy car isn't free of mold, germ, and bacteria. A MiST™ Service is like a hand sanitizer for the vents & interior surfaces of your car. Get a MiST™ Service Today! You owe it to yourself and your family." Intrigued, I turned it over.

There was a magnified picture of a cultured sample taken from the interior of a Porshe, along with an illustration of streams of things coming from your car vent. Below these in bold print it said "Every time the fan is turned on, harmful spores are blown into the air you and your passengers breathe."

According to the EPA, some service providers may attempt to convince you that your air ducts are contaminated by demonstrating that the microorganisms found grow on a settling plate (i.e., petri dish). This is inappropriate. Some microorganisms are always present in the air, and some growth on a settling plate is normal. As for the "harmful spores" statement, only an expert can positively identify a substance as biological growth and lab analysis is normally required for final confirmation.

Upon visiting the company's website, you learn that "MiST™ utilizes atomized micro-droplets (1/10 the size of aerosol droplets) of a specially formulated solution. These droplets are drawn into an automobile's vents, penetrating and traveling to where the micro-organisms are living. MiST™ treats the entire ventilation system, including the evaporator, heater core, air ducts and passenger compartment surfaces." The company suggests that you perform this service every 6 months.

It does not say if the specially formulated solution includes water. If so, introducing this additional moisture into the system may actually promote fungal growth. Also, the EPA cautions about the use of biocides inside air ducts. They say that simply spraying or otherwise introducing these materials into the operating duct system may cause much of the material to be transported through the system and released. Depending on the product used, it may actually be more dangerous to breathe.

The company does suggest regular cleaning of your vehicle and maintenance of your filter system, both of which are important to minimize irritating contaminants.

Although this EPA document focuses on the air ducts in your home, many of the issues are the same. Read what they say at: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/airduct.html, and then decide if you want to MiST™ your ride!


Air Matters LLC has performed mold testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee D. Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelors and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. You may contact Air Matters at (919) 961-2221 or info@AirMattersMoldTesting.com.

What You Should Know About Air Sampling for Mold

What is Air Sampling?

Air samples are one of the common techniques used to test for mold. This method quantifies the exposure levels associated with an indoor space and typically compares that level to an outdoor baseline.

Air Matters LLC uses spore trap samples for its air sampling services, specifically the AIR-O-CELL air sampling cassette. This device is designed for the rapid collection and analysis of a range of airborne bioaerosols including fungal species, pollen, skin cell fragments, and insect parts.


How Does Air Sampling Work?

A high volume air pump is calibrated prior to the start of the sample. The AIR-O-CELL cassette is labeled and attached to a tube at the end of the pump. The pump pulls the particulate laden air through the cassette, and the air flow continues out an exit orifice. The length of the sampling period is digitally timed to ensure accurate calculation of the air flow.

The particles are deposited on an adhesive area contained inside the cassette. The AIR-O-CELL cassette is removed from the tubing and sealed. The specific information regarding the sample is recorded on a chain of custody form. After the assessment, all samples and the chain of custody are transported to the laboratory for analysis.

At the lab, the cassette is opened and examined under a microscope. The various particles are identified and quantified. This information is summarized in a report and transmitted to Air Matters LLC.


What Does Air Sampling Tell You?

It is important to remember that air sampling data provides a snapshot of one specific moment in time. Conditions change constantly based on such factors as temperature, HVAC operation, relative humidity, or building activities.

Since there are no widely accepted numerical guidelines regarding mold like there are for other contaminants (radon for example), a thorough site assessment by a qualified professional is critical to interpreting laboratory findings.

If you have more specific questions about air sampling, give us a call today!




Air Matters LLC has performed mold testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee D. Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelors and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. You may contact Air Matters at (919) 961-2221 or info@AirMattersMoldTesting.com.

Does Mold Have You Acting Like a Witch?

Mold really can make you act like a witch. . .

I recently came across some information on a book called Poisons of the Past: Molds, Epidemics, and History. In this story published twenty years ago by Yale University, history professor Mary Kilbourne Matossian presents a large amount of evidence that the population of Europe was held down for 500 years by endemic mold-induced food poisoning called ergot or ergotism.

Although most sources attribute this long epidemic to fungi in the genus Claviceps, she also gives credit to the genus Fusarium. Both genera infected rye kernels before and after harvest, producing toxic, long-acting alkaloids (e.g., ergotamine).

Professor Matossian's preface of her book starts off with "People make history, but not just as they please. However strong and intelligent they may be, human beings are vulnerable creatures. . . They may even be laid low by organisms too small to be seen by the naked eye."

She goes on to explain how the poor in northern Europe, who lived on rye bread and little else, were the most affected by molds and the mycotoxins they produced. Grains were truly considered the staff of life, and the poor ate 2-3 pounds of it per day.

Wealthy households were never affected as much as poor households, because their servants prepared the grain as gruel, boiling it over a fire for about a half hour, which broke down the toxin. They also enjoyed a more diverse diet, including meat and white bread.

Poor women miscarried and children died frequently. Those who survived childhood had chronic illnesses, gangrene, and mental disturbances. The hallucinations and seizures experienced were often interpreted as witchcraft, possession, or divine inspiration. Neither the people affected or those around them could explain the uncontrolled behaviors.

No one knew that their diet was responsible for their misfortune. Not until wheat and potatoes began to replace rye did the epidemic abate.

There is even a section on how ergotism may have played a significant role in the Salem Witch Trials. The early settlers of Massachusetts planted rye, ate rye bread, and experienced hallucinations and seizures that are documented to be just like those of the Europeans.

Further discussion examines the growing season, winter and summer temperatures, soil composition, and drainage in the Salem area as likely to contribute to a rye crop infected with ergot.

For more information on the book, including the complete table of contents and an extended preview of many pages, check out Poisons of the Past: Molds, Epidemics, and History on Google Books.

Now you will have to blame those moods on something else!



Air Matters LLC has performed mold testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee D. Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelors and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. You may contact Air Matters at (919) 961-2221 or info@AirMattersMoldTesting.com.

Should the Dust Mites in Your Mattress Scare You?

You have heard the radio commercials with the statistics. You have seen the ads with the pictures (which look pretty scary when magnified 5,000 times!). Oprah has done a special episode on it. Even the Wall Street Journal has published articles in the past saying that "the average mattress will double its weight in ten years due to an accumulation of dust mites and their feces."

The thought of crawling into bed with pounds and pounds of dust mites and their feces gives you nightmares, not a restful night's sleep. Next you calculate the age of your mattress, and now you are truly frightened. The next day, you immediately begin your quest for new bedding.

A great marketing ploy, but do these claims have any scientific basis? Here are what a few experts in the field of dust mites had to say to Cecil Adams, who writes a syndicated weekly newspaper column called "The Straight Dope":

"It's nonsense," said mite authority Larry Arlian, professor of biological sciences, microbiology, and immunology at Wright State University. "I don't know where that originated. They're not that prolific."

Thomas Platts-Mills, professor of medicine and dust-mite guru at the University of Virginia, agreed. "I've heard that kind of stuff," he said. "I don't believe it. I'm sure there's an added weight but I don't think anyone has ever actually measured it."

Emmett Glass is the Ohio State University research associate leading the "Dust Mite Management Study" He was the gentleman that Wall Street Journal reporter said was the source of the claim that a mattress will double its weight due to dust mites. Emmett writes:

"I never quoted that statistic. I told [the reporter] that Internet web sites have statistics that try to strike fear in the consumer, thus promoting their products. I gave her a few off the top of my head (two million mites in an average mattress, mattress doubling in weight, etc.) that I read over the years. She asked me if any of these statistics have any scientific merit and I told her that none of them are in the literature. To the layman that is NO! In fact I asked the Wall Street Journal writer to call an expert on mattresses at the internal sleep products association. She did and was told that the statistic on mattresses doubling in weight was far from the truth. The journalist choose to include it in the story anyway. She liked the statistic because it made her story more interesting."

According to the American College of Asthma, Allergy & Immunology, only 10% of the general population is allergic to dust mites. However, 90% of people with allergic asthma are likely sensitive to dust mites and should take additional precautions.

Margot Carmichael Lester at the Museum of Life and Science in Durham offers the following tips to reduce your exposure to dust mites:

•Keep relative humidity low (under 55 percent) because dryness kills germs.
•Use a HEPA filter-equipped vacuum to keep allergens from releasing back into the air. Change the bags at least once a month.
•Switch out air filters according to manufacturers recommendations.
•Vacuum mattresses, carpets, upholstered furniture and window treatments at a very high setting.
•Toss stuffed animals, throw pillows and small rugs into the dryer on high heat regularly.
•Cover bed pillows, mattresses and box springs with impervious covers to keep dust mites from coming through.
•Unclutter rooms with most use (bedrooms, family rooms), including extra pillows and bed covers, out-of-season clothing, throw rugs, stuffed animals – and anything that gets (and stays) dusty.

You can use the money you save by not having to buy a new mattress to take your family over to Durham for a visit to the museum!

Air Matters LLC has performed mold testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee D. Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelors and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. You may contact Air Matters at (919) 961-2221 or info@AirMattersMoldTesting.com.

Who Knew Slime Molds Were So Smart?

If you have been in North Carolina in the summer time, you have seen it. The big yellow patch that appears on the mulch bed in your yard a couple of days after the rain. It looks like. . . well, dog vomit. Eeeeew!

This is slime mold, officially named Physarum polycephalum. However, slime mold is not truly a mold, as it is not classified as a fungi. Although slime molds may not be fungi, they are apparently smart. Check out this article from The New York Times:


Slime Mold Proves to be a Brainy Blob
THE NEW YORK TIMES

Let's hear it for slime molds. Researchers in Japan have shown that a slime mold can design a network that is as efficient as the Tokyo rail system. Furthermore, the slime mold can build its network in a day.

A slime mold is what scientists call a single-celled amoeboid organism. When foraging for food, it spreads out as an amorphous mass, then builds tubular connections between food sources. This is a smart blob.

"We've found an unexpected high ability of information processing in this organism," said Toshiyuki Nakagaki, a researcher at Hokkaido University. "I wanted to pose a complicated problem to this slime mold, to design a large network," Nakagaki said. "This kind of program is not so easy, even for humans."

So he and his colleagues set up an experiment where they laid out 36 bits of food in a pattern corresponding to cities in the Tokyo area and put a slime mold, Physarum polycephalum, at the spot corresponding to Tokyo.

As they report in Science, after 26 hours the slime mold had created a series of tubular connections that matched, to a great extent, the rail links among these cities. The researchers found that the slime mold network was as efficient as the rail network, it tolerated breaks in the connections just as well, and it was created at a reasonable cost to the organism.


26 hours and at a reasonable cost?? I think we have just identified the perfect contractor to design the Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor from Charlotte to Washington DC!


Air Matters LLC has performed mold testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee D. Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelors and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. You may contact Air Matters at (919) 961-2221 or info@AirMattersMoldTesting.com.

Are You Suffering from Sick Building Syndrome?

"Sick Building Syndrome" is a term that is used to describe when somebody experiences health or personal comfort effects that seem to be linked to the amount of time spent in a particular building, but they are unable to positively identify a specific cause or health condition responsible for these effects.

These effects may only be felt when in one particular room or area of a building, or they may be experienced throughout the facility. Also, they may be limited to one individual or can affect a large number of building occupants.

The complaints differ and can include many symptoms such as headaches; dry, itching, red or watery eyes; sensitivity to odors; coughing; dry or itchy patches or skin including rashes; dizziness; nausea; or fatigue.

Two things that do seem to be consistent with Sick Building Syndrome are the fact that an immediate cause of the symptoms is not known and that people who are suffering report a relief from these symptoms once they are away from the building.

According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the following factors are often responsible for causing or contributing to complaints of Sick Building Syndrome:

1. Biological Contaminants
This includes mold, mildew, bacteria, pollens, and insect or bird droppings. These contaminants may breed in stagnant water that has collected around building leaks or in ducts, drain pans, or humidifiers.

2. Indoor Chemical Contaminants
Adhesives, carpeting, upholstery (including fabric cubicle walls), manufactured wood products (particularly press board), copy machines, pesticides, cigarette smoke, and cleaning products may all emit volatile organic compounds (VOC's), including formaldehyde.

3. Outdoor Chemical Contaminants
The outdoor air that enters a building, particularly through poorly positioned air intake vents, doors or windows can also be a source of chemical pollution. Common contaminants may include motor vehicle exhausts, plumbing vents, kitchen fumes, or bathroom exhausts.

4. Inadequate Ventilation
Energy conservation measures and construction methods have resulted in buildings today being more tightly sealed than ever before. As a result, there has been a decrease in the outdoor air exchange. Inadequate ventilation may also occur when the HVAC system is not properly sized, balanced or maintained for the square footage and type of occupancy intended and is unable to effectively distribute conditioned air to the occupants of the building.

A professional indoor air quality investigation is one tool to help identify potential risk factors that may be contributing to symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome.

For more information on Sick Building Syndrome, check out this document available from the EPA: www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/sbs.html.

Air Matters LLC has performed mold testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee D. Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelors and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. You may contact Air Matters at (919) 961-2221 or info@AirMattersMoldTesting.com.

Resolve to Improve Your Indoor Air Quality in 2010!

So, we are a little half way through January. How are those New Year's resolutions going? Eating right, exercising more, getting enough sleep every night. . . you know these things are good for you. That doesn't make them easy. Breathing -- now that's easy. But what about monitoring what you are breathing into your body each day? That's a little tougher!

The toxins that you breathe in every day (air quality) often go unnoticed simply because they are invisible. Things that are invisible (unlike smoking cigarettes, really bad for you foods, and toxic friends) are easy to overlook. The Kingston Whig Standard offers these tips for improving your personal air quality today:

1. Quit smoking. Cigarette smoke contains known carcinogens (cancer-causing agents) and a host of chemicals. If you can't quit just yet, be sure to smoke outdoors. (NOTE: In North Carolina restaurants and bars, you have no choice but to smoke outdoors. Yeah!!)

2.Change furnace filters monthly. Reduce the dust and allergens in the air by changing your furnace or air conditioning system filters on a monthly basis. Also vacuum intake vents. You can consider having ductwork cleaned by a professional service, too. (NOTE: Air Matters LLC recommends you review the following document published by the Environmental Protection Agency prior to having your ducts cleaned. http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/airduct.html)

3. Fill the house with plants. Plants naturally filter the air and give off fresh oxygen. Plus, they're nice to look at!

4. Avoid pressboard furniture. Many composite wood products contain formaldehyde and other chemicals. These can sneak into the air over time.

5. Use all-natural cleaners. Chemical-laden cleaners don't simply smell strongly, they can actually be very harmful if breathed in. Also, never mix cleaning products (such as bleach and ammonia). It can produce a toxic gas. Lemon juice, vinegar, baking soda, and other all-natural items can be used as very effective cleaners.

6. Vacuum carpets regularly. Carpets and fabrics can harbor dust and other allergens. Some newer carpets are created to reduce allergens, but most carpets should be cleaned two to three times a week, primarily in high-traffic areas and in homes with pets. (NOTE: Air Matters LLC recommends that you invest in a HEPA-vacuum.)

7. Eliminate leaks. Drippy faucets or a damp basement can lead to the growth of mold and mildew. While many types of these fungi are harmless, there are some that are very harmful if breathed in. If you have a mold or mildew problem, call in a professional for a threat assessment and advice on proper cleaning. (NOTE: If you want to confirm the presence and identity of fungal species, that would be Air Matters LLC. . .)

8. Test for hidden dangers. Radon, carbon monoxide, and asbestos could be lurking in your home. Testing eliminates threats and can safeguard your family.

9. Call in a cleaning crew. Regular cleaning can limit the amount of particles floating around in the air. Keeping the house spic-and-span is a way to clean the air as well. Having a regular cleaning service come in can be a way to fit a thorough cleaning into your busy schedule.

10. Dial down the humidity. Run the exhaust fans in bathrooms and invest in a dehumidifier. Mold and mildew, as well as dust mites, thrive in moist conditions.

11. Launder sheets and pillowcases every 10 days. Buy machine- washable pillows and bed linens.

12. Kick out pests. Allergens from roaches are a major cause of asthma, and airborne protein from dried rodent urine is a potent allergen.

13. Air it out. On low-particulate days, throw open the windows and let the fresh air in.

14. Check the venting. All appliances should be properly vented. Make sure vents are free of obstructions. Appliances should be serviced according to the manufacturer's maintenance schedule to avoid combustion byproduct buildup and reduce dust and particulate accumulation.

Resolve to improve the indoor air quality in your home, and you can breathe easier in 2010!


Air Matters LLC has performed mold inspections and testing services in the Raleigh, NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelors and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. Contact Air Matters at (919) 961-2221.

Check for Mold Before Buying Foreclosures

The American economy is still reeling from the recession, and the housing market remains one of the hardest hit areas. As foreclosures continue to mount, many of those who do have cash to spare are looking to invest in bargain real estate.

However, bargain hunters need to beware of potential unseen problems that could quickly drain their profits -- including hidden mold. Home owners who were foreclosed upon likely did not have the money to perform routine repairs and maintenance, which may have grown into larger problems. In addition, foreclosed properties may have been vacant for some time and many issues may have gone unnoticed.

RIS Media, a well-known source for news and information in the real estate industry, offers these 10 trouble spots to consider when purchasing a foreclosed home:

These 10 Signs May Indicate That Trouble is Around the Corner

1. Unheated house in winter months. If the home has been properly winterized, there's no need for heat. But if the home has not been properly winterized, pipes will burst and cause water damage.

2. Missing sinks, toilets and other fixtures. Make sure they've been properly removed and not ripped from walls and floors.

3. Peeling, bubbling, and discolored paint; swelling in walls or ceilings (especially around kitchens and bathrooms) or a musty odor all indicate water damage and, potentially the presence of moisture and mold.

4. Fungus growth inside cabinets, behind drawers and built-ins. Fungus could mean that there has been water damage. Since water falls down, look for a source above the mold.

5. Blocked drains or pipes will cause future problems and may have already created sewage backups.

6. Black cobwebs, greasy gray residue on walls and/or a strong oily odor. This could point to potential soot damage or a malfunctioning furnace.

7. An older home with extensive renovations. Check with the city for pulled permits in order to get remodeling details. If asbestos is present and has been disturbed, be sure it's been remediated by a certified specialist.

8. Excessive painting of every nook, cranny, door and floor may mean that the seller is covering up mold.

9. Discolored sub flooring. From the basement, check the sub flooring above for stains and small holes, both caused by mold.

10. Air Quality. The air quality within a home tells a lot about the home's condition. Be sure to include air an surface testing in your home inspection. It's a few hundred dollars well spent!


Air Matters LLC has performed mold inspections and testing services in the Raleigh, NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelors and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. Contact Air Matters at (919) 961-2221.

Stricter Rules on Radon Tied to Lung Cancer

The World Health Organization (WHO) has significantly lowered their guidelines on how much radon is permissible in homes without leading to adverse health effects. Their new "Handbook on Indoor Radon" issued September 22 called for public health authorities and the construction industry to reduce exposures to radon, calling it a "major and growing public health threat in homes". Radon is widely considered to be a leading cause of lung cancer, second only to smoking.

What is Radon?
Radon is a gaseous radioactive element that people cannot see, smell or taste. It occurs naturally through the decay of uranium in the soil. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the average home indoor radon level is about 1.3 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) in the United States. The average outdoor level is about 0.4 pCi/L.

How Does Radon Get Into Your Home?
Radon is most common in homes with basements, where it seeps in from the soil and through the walls. However, many homes without basements also have radon problems. The amount of radon that escapes from the soil into the home can depend on the soil composition, soil moisture, and building construction. In some cases, radon enters the home through well water.

How Much Radon is Acceptable?
The EPA's recommended exposure level is 4 pCi/L, which has been their standard for 40 years. WHO's new standard is more restrictive, only allowing for 2.7 pCi/L. WHO strongly emphasizes the importance of radon testing by all home owners or buyers looking to purchase a home. WHO studies indicate that most radon induced lung cancers occur from exposure to low and medium doses of radon in residential structures.

Should You Be Concerned About Granite Countertops?
Some people attribute a rise in radon to the widespread use of granite in today's home. The EPA believes the principal source of radon in homes is from the soil in contact with basement floors and walls. While natural rocks such as granite may emit radiation and radon gas, the levels attributable to such sources are not typically high.

What Are the Health Effects of Radon?
Radon is the number one cause of lung cancer among non-smokers, according to EPA estimates. Overall, radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer. Radon is responsible for about 21,000 lung cancer deaths every year. About 2,900 of these deaths occur among people who have never smoked. Dr. Richard H. Carmona, the U.S. Surgeon General, issued a national health advisory on radon.

For additional information on radon in North Carolina, contact the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources NC Radon Program at http://www.ncradon.org/.

Air Matters has performed mold inspection and testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelor of Science and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. Contact Air Matters at (919) 870-6748.

What Does Chinese Drywall Have To Do With Mold?

This fall, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) has confirmed that over 6.2 million sheets of Chinese drywall have been imported into the United States during the past five years. The actual numbers are certain to be much higher. Although some of the sheetrock is clearly marked "Made in China", other shipments may contain no markings at all. Chinese drywall has been distributed all over the country, but the majority of the product has been found in Florida and Louisiana.

Signs and Symptoms
The Chinese drywall in question contains sulfur, which is not present in wallboard produced in the U.S. In addition, the CPSC found that the Chinese product contained compounds normally found in acrylic paints and 10 times more Stontium (an alkaline earth metal that turns yellow when exposed to air) than American drywall. Residents with Chinese drywall complained of rotten egg smells throughout their homes and reported such health problems as asthma, headaches, coughing, and insomnia.

Where Damage Occurs
The sulfur, increased Strontium levels, and other compounds in the Chinese drywall have led to failures of air conditioning coils, corrosion of electrical wiring, and corrosion of plumbing fixtures - particularly copper pipes and fittings.

Resulting Mold Issues
When corrosion of HVAC system components, plumbing systems, or electrical wiring occurs, this can result in failure of that system. Back-up of condensation and leaks are common with system failures and can result in water or moisture intrusion into the home. In turn, this leads to an increased potential for fungal growth inside the home, particularly when the water or moisture intrusion goes undetected for some period of time.

If You Suspect Chinese Drywall In Your Home
It is difficult to performs inspections or testing that positively identify where Chinese drywall is present in a home. Some disassembly of walls is required, and then positive identification is still not always possible. A special coalition has been formed in Florida to help builders, contractors, and home owners deal with the removal of Chinese drywall. For more information on the coalition and their guidance, go to www.chinesedrywallprotocol.org.

Air Matters has performed mold inspection and testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelor of Science and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. Contact Air Matters at (919) 870-6748.

US Surgeon General and Federal Government on Mold and Healthy Homes

The U.S. Surgeon General's Office, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and other federal agencies are coming together to try and help raise awareness on the health effects of poor indoor air quality within the home.

In conjunction with this, acting Surgeon General Steven K. Galson recently released a report titled "The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Promote Healthy Homes". Galson told the media that the purpose of the report was to promote discussions about the importance of healthy homes.

He stated that "We can prevent many diseases and injuries that result from health hazards in the home by following the simple steps outlined in this Call to Action."

The report addresses many indoor contaminants, including mold. It includes many suggestions to improve the air quality in your home such as prohibiting smoking and eliminating exposure to second hand smoke, installing carbon monoxide and radon detection devices, and controlling moisture and water intrusion to reduce the potential for mold growth.

The full text of the report can be read on the Surgeon General's information website at: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/healthyhomes/calltoactiontopromotehealthyhomes.pdf

Air Matters has performed mold inspection and testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelor of Science and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. Contact Air Matters at (919) 870-6748.

What You Should Know About Mold

What is mold?
Molds (and mildew) are forms of fungi that are found everywhere – inside and outside. Fungi are necessary for recycling organic material, which is required to sustain plant and animal life. There are more than 100,000 types of mold. These species can be any color, including white, orange, green, brown or black. The most common indoor molds are Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria. Fewer than 200 species of molds have been classified as human pathogens that can cause infections.

How does mold get inside my house?
Many molds grow naturally in the indoor environment. Mold spores may enter your house through open doorways, windows, or HVAC systems. Spores may attach themselves to family members, pets, clothing, shoes, or bags and be brought indoors.

How does mold grow?
Mold reproduces by releasing tiny spores. These spores settle on surrounding surfaces, and begin to grow in favorable conditions. Growth requires three things: moisture, an organic food source (examples include carpet, sheetrock, wallpaper, paint, upholstery, wood, leather, or even dust) and a suitable temperature between 40-100 degrees Fahrenheit. It is important to note that mold does not need light to grow. When one of the three conditions becomes unsatisfactory, the mold becomes dormant. It can resume activity when the conditions are restored to favorable.

What is the “killer mold” or “black mold” I have heard about?
Sensationalized media reports refer to a specific type of mold called Stachybotrys that has been nicknamed the “killer mold” or “black mold”. It is less common than other mold species. There are only a few molds that are truly black, although many can appear black. Not all mold that appears to be black is Stachybotrys. This specific type of mold grows on cellulose materials, such as paper, cardboard, sheetrock, or framing. It requires a very high, constant moisture level to grow, which usually occurs after something has been wet for several weeks. Stachybotrys can release potentially toxic substances called mycotoxins, which cling to the mold spores. The health effects of these toxins are unproven and are currently being studied.

How do I know if I have mold?
In many cases, visible mold growth will allow you to confirm the presence of mold in your home. Mold may also be hidden on the backside of sheetrock or wallpaper, the underside of carpet and padding, inside ductwork, or around pipes. Musty, moldy odors may also be an indication of hidden mold. Investigating hidden mold usually requires disturbing the mold growth site. This can lead to a massive release of mold spores, so you should consider hiring a professional if you suspect you might have hidden mold.

How do I get rid of mold?
Beware of companies who claim they can totally eliminate mold from your home. More than 1,000 different kinds of indoor molds have been found in US homes, and it is impossible to get rid of all the mold in your home. The concern is around the growth of mold spores, and they will not be able to grow and create problems unless moisture is present. The key to controlling indoor mold growth is to control moisture.

What are some examples of ways I can control moisture?
Act quickly to correct water leaks or spills. In most cases, it takes 24-48 hours before mold begins to grow.
Vent your clothes dryer to the outside.
Use exhaust fans when showering, cooking, running the dishwasher, etc.
Increase air movement with fans.
Use air conditioners during humid weather.
Install proper exterior wall insulation.
Make sure the ground slopes away from the foundation of your house.
Clean and repair your roof gutters regularly.
Keep air conditioning drip pans clean and drain lines unobstructed.

Does mold make you sick?
Molds do have the potential to cause health problems, although most people have no reaction to molds. Molds can produce allergens, irritants, and in some cases potentially toxic substances called mycotoxins. Allergic reactions to mold are most common. Common symptoms may include sneezing, runny nose, wheezing, red eyes, or mild skin irritation. Like other types of allergies, different people will react differently to the same mold exposure. Certain groups of people who may be bothered more include infants or small children, elderly people, pregnant women, individuals with respiratory conditions or allergies and asthma, and people with weakened immune systems. Since the health effects of mold remain largely unproven, steps should be taken to remove mold and control any sources of moisture.

Air Matters has performed mold inspection and testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelor of Science and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. Contact Air Matters at (919) 870-6748.

Gutter Problems Contribute to Mold Issues

In the May 11th article from Consumer Reports titled Home Repairs not to Ignore, there are several points regarding moisture and how it can lead to expensive problems with mold growth. "If there are 10 things that can go wrong with a house, 15 of them have to do with water, says Bill Loden, a Madison, Ala., home inspector." The article goes on to provide several useful tips for homeowners including:

• Gutters, downspouts, and leader pipes collect rainwater and channel it away from the house. In very wet regions, leaders should extend at least 5 feet from the house.
• Check the entire gutter system seasonally for proper pitch and for clogs, corrosion, broken fasteners, and separation between connections and where gutters meet the fascia board.
• When inspecting gutters, extend straight ladders 3 feet beyond the roof at a 75 degree angle to the ground.
• The soil around the foundation should slope away from the house at least 1 inch per foot for 6 feet or more.
• If you have planting beds along the foundation, make sure the grading of the bed, its edging, or the edge of the lawn isn't keeping water from draining away from the house.

Air Matters often sees gutter and landscaping issues such as these contributing to excess moisture in the crawlspace or basement of a home. Remember that in order to control the mold, you have to eliminate the moisture.

Air Matters has performed mold inspection and testing services in the Raleigh NC area since 2002. The owner, Renee Ward, has over 22 years of safety and environmental experience and holds both her Bachelor of Science and Masters degrees in engineering. Renee is also a member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Indoor Air Quality Council. Contact Air Matters at (919) 870-6748.